Can You Charge a 6 Volt Battery With a 12 Volt Charger

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12 VOLT CHARGER TUTORIAL

12 volt charger engineering has kept pace with the microprocessor revolution, then current bombardment charging philosophy uses 3 stage (or 2 or 4 stage) microprocessor regulated charging profiles. These are "smart chargers", and quality units generally are not found in discount stores. The 3 stages or steps in atomic number 82/acid battery charging are bulk, assimilation, and float (or complete close off in some cases). Qualification, or equalization are sometimes considered another phase. A two stage unit volition have bulk and float stages. It is important to use battery manufacturer's recommendations on charging procedures and voltages, or a quality microprocessor controlled charger to maintain bombardment capacity and service life.

The older 12 volt charger would feature a stock-still charging voltage, high plenty to "forcefulness" energy (amps) into the bombardment. The lower the initial bombardment voltage (state of belch), the easier this forcing process is, so you may see the amp meter (if and then equipped) run up to the charger's maximum output amperage, and stay at that place a while. As battery resistance rises, equally it does equally the state of charge increases, the harder it is for the 12 volt charger to forcefulness the amps in, so the amp charge per unit decreases. Eventually, the charger reaches a bespeak where it'south output voltage tin can't force whatever more into the battery, then current well-nigh stops, but depending on where this voltage bespeak is, it may be high plenty to overcharge over time, or keep the battery in the gassing phase, drying out a flooded type battery. These chargers should be monitored for this reason, and asunder when the amp meter drops to the low point.

The "smart chargers" are profiled with contemporary charging philosophy in heed, and also accept information from the bombardment to provide maximum charge benefit with minimum ascertainment. Some gel prison cell and AGM batteries may require special settings or chargers. True Gel batteries by and large require a specific accuse profile, and a gel specific or gel selectable or gel suitable charger is chosen for. The summit charging voltage for Gel batteries is 2.3 to two.36 volts per cell, and for a 12 volt charger this works out to thirteen.8 to 14.ii volts, which is lower than a moisture or AGM type battery needs for a total charge. Exceeding this voltage in a Gel battery tin can cause bubbles in the electrolyte gel, and permanent impairment, as the bubbling do non dissipate when the over voltage condition ceases.

Three Stage Bombardment Charging

The Bulk stage in a 12 volt charger involves about fourscore% of the recharge, wherein the charger current is held constant (in a constant electric current charger), and voltage increases. The properly sized charger volition give the battery every bit much electric current every bit it will accept up to charger chapters (25% of bombardment capacity in amp hours), and not raise a moisture battery over 125 F, or an AGM or GEL (valve regulated) bombardment over 100 F. The target voltage for a 12 volt charger for AGM or some flooded batteries is 2.four to two.45 volts per jail cell, which is 14.four to xiv.vii volts. Some flooded cells will tolerate over fifteen volts.

The ABSORPTION phase (the remaining twenty%, approximately) in the AGM/flooded 12 volt charger has the charger holding at the absorption voltage (betwixt 14.4 VDC and fourteen.7 VDC, depending on charger set points) and decreasing the current until the bombardment is fully charged. If the battery won't concord a charge, or the current does not drib after the expected recharge fourth dimension, the battery may have some permanent sulphation.

The Bladder stage is where the accuse voltage is reduced to around 2.25 volts per cell, which is around 13.5 VDC and held abiding, while the current is reduced to less than 1% of battery capacity. This manner can be used to maintain a fully charged battery indefinitely. Some chargers shut off instead of maintaining a float voltage, and monitor the battery, initiating a accuse wheel if necessary.

Recharge fourth dimension can be approximated past dividing the amp hours to be replaced by xc% of the rated output of the charger. For instance, a 100 amp hour battery with a 10 % discharge would demand x amps replaced. Using a 5 amp 12 volt charger, we have 10 amp hours/(.9x5) amps = 2.22 hour recharge time estimate. A deeply discharged battery deviates from this formula, requiring more time per amp to be replaced.

Recharge frequency recommendations vary from skillful to expert. Information technology appears that depth of discharge affects battery life more than frequency of recharge. Basically, lead acid batteries, including the sealed types (AGM and Gel) like to be kept fully charged when possible. For example, recharging when the equipment is non going to be used for a while (repast interruption or whatever), may keep the average depth of discharge above fifty% for a service day. This basically applies to battery applications where the average depth of belch falls beneath l% in a 24-hour interval, and the battery tin can exist fully recharged in one case during a 24 hour period. This is called "opportunity charging".

Equalization

Equalization is substantially a controlled over charge. Some charger manufacturers call the peak voltage the charger attains at the end of the BULK mode (absorption voltage) an equalization voltage, but technically information technology'south non. Higher capacity wet (flooded) batteries sometimes benefit from this process, particularly the physically tall batteries. The electrolyte in a moisture battery can stratify over time, if not cycled occasionally. In equalization, the voltage is brought up above typical summit charging voltage (to 15 to 16 volts in a 12 volt charger) well into the gassing phase, and held for a fixed (simply limited) flow. This stirs upward the chemistry in the entire battery, "equalizing" the strength of the electrolyte, and knocking off whatsoever loose sulphation that may be on the plates.

The construction of the sealed batteries (AGM and Gel), all but eliminates whatever stratification, and most all manufacturers of this type do not recommend information technology (advising confronting information technology). Some manufacturers (notably Concorde) list a process, but observing voltage and time specifications are critical to avert battery harm.

12 Volt Charger Sizes

A 12 volt charger tin can be had from a low milliamp output (100, 200, 500 milliamps), up to 90 amps, that will plug into a 115 volt wall outlet (chargers above about 65 amps usually require a 20 amp circuit, and so check). Some of the smaller units are unregulated, and simply accept a stock-still voltage output, similar the chargers of one-time. These tend to take longer to accuse, and should be avoided when possible. Smaller amp capacities are advisable for smaller batteries, like motorcycle, ATV, etc., or electronic and security type applications in the i.3 to 12 amp hour range. They also can exist used for maintenance on larger batteries. A medium amp output 12 volt charger would be in the range of twenty to 50 amps or so, and be used for many applications using about 100 amp hours of bombardment and up, or applications with a constant amp load (power supply awarding). For a power supply type situation, the abiding describe should be a low per centum of the charger maximum amp capacity, to go along the charger from going back into the boost or bulk stage, or the charger should have selectability for the power supply or "battery with load" mode. Larger units in the 12 volt charger models are about 55 to 90 amps output. These are used in big amp hour battery banks, or applications desiring faster recharge times (possibly at the expense of maximum battery life). Sometimes the larger units are used where a generator is the AC ability source, and generator run time is a consideration.

Almost battery manufacturers recommend sizing the charger at virtually 25% of the battery chapters (ah = amp hour capacity). Thus, a 100 ah 12 volt bombardment would accept nearly a 25 amp 12 volt charger (or less). Larger chargers may be used to decrease accuse fourth dimension, only may subtract battery life. Smaller chargers are fine for long term floating, east.g. a i or 2 amp "smart charger" tin be used for bombardment maintenance between higher amp cycle use, merely would be inefficient or burn upwards if used to bulk charge large capacity, deeply discharged batteries.

For more data, or 12 volt charger application specific recommendations, email u.s. or call the tech line.

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